THE LONGHORN BEETLES ( COLEOPTERA : CERAMBYCIDAE ) OF THE CITY OF KRAGUJEVAC ( CENTRAL SERBIA )

This paper represents the contribution to the knowl edge of the longhorn beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) fauna of the City of Kragujevac (Central Serbia). Based on the material collected from 2010 to 2014 by authors, as well as on available literature data, 66 species and 13 subspecies from five s ubfamilies were recorded, while the highest number of species is registered within the subfamilies Cerambycinae (26) and Lamiinae (19). Four species are rarely found in Serbi a: Vadonia moesiaca (Daniel & Daniel, 1891), Stictoleptura cordigera (Füsslins, 1775), S. erythroptera (Hagenbach, 1822), and Isotomus speciosus (Schneider, 1787). Subspecies Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri Brancsik, 1886 is Balkan endemic. Six of recorded taxa [ Cerambyx (Cerambyx) cerdo cerdo Linnaeus, 1758, Morimus asper funereus (Mulsant, 1863), Agapanthia kirbyi (Gyllenhal, 1817), Cortodera flavimana flavimana (Waltl, 1838), Vadonia moesiaca nd Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri ] are protected both nationally and internationally . The largest number of recorded taxa belong to Euro-Mediterranean (26) and Euro-Siberian (21) chorotypes. This suggests that both the habitats and climate in the City of Kragujevac and Central Serbia are increasingly assuming more sub-Mediterra n an and subtropical features, primarily due to the negative human impact.


INTRODUCTION
The City of Kragujevac is located in the Kragujevac Valley, the central part of the Republic of Serbia (Fig. 1), and it is the fourth largest city in the country.It is determined by the coordinates N 44° 22' and E 20° 56' and covers the area of 835 km 2 , with the altitude of 180 m a.s.l.(STEPANOVIĆ, 1974).The city lies between Mt.Rudnik in the west and northwest, Gledić Mts. in the south, Mt.Crni Vrh in the east and meadows by the Uglješnica River in the north (Fig. 2).The highest peak is Dulenski Crni Vrh (895 m a.s.l.), belonging to the Gledić Mts.The relief of the city is represented by meadows along the city's rivers and streams, hills and mountains (Mt.Rudnik, Gledić Mts. and Mt.Crni Vrh) (STEPANOVIĆ, 1974).
The Neogenic sediments of Middle and Upper Miocene -sandstone, clay and marlare the major geological substrates in the city.The most common soil types are smonica and smonica in the process of browning (FILIPOVSKI AND ĆIRIĆ, 1963).Hydrographic network is represented by the largest rivers, Lepenica and Uglješnica, and a large number of small rivers and streams as the tributaries.There are four artificial lake basins there (STEPANOVIĆ, 1974).The climate is temperate continental, characterized by hot and dry summers and cold and moderately wet winters (STEPANOVIĆ, 1974).The City of Kragujevac has been highly exposed to the human impact in the last century, especially in the last 60 years (VUKOVIĆ, 1999).The population of the city has been increased six times since the World War II.A lot of forest and meadow ecosystems were transformed into industrial regions.The city became one of the most important industrial places in the former Yugoslavia.Degradation of ecosystems led to loss of natural habitats, erosion and microclimate changes.The natural succession of the vegetation has been disrupted.Many introduced species of trees and herbaceous plants have been planted in the city (VUKOVIĆ, 1999).
The longhorn beetle fauna in the City of Kragujevac is poorly studied so far.The first data on Cerambycidae of Kragujevac were given by ADAMOVIĆ (1965), who reported there 19 species and six subspecies.TREBJEŠANIN (1990) reported 19 species, while ĐORĐEVIĆ (2002) identified seven species in the investigated area.ILIĆ (2005) has reported solely two additional taxa from his own material, from the Grošnica Lake surroundings -Rhagium (Megarhagium) mordax (DeGeer, 1775) and Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri Brancsik, 1886.The most extensive study of longhorn beetles in the investigated area was given by VUKAJLOVIĆ and ŽIVA-NOVIĆ (2014), who reported 41 species and eight subspecies in the southern part of the City of Kragujevac -the Gledić Mts.Altogether, 58 species and 13 subspecies were recorded in the city until now.
The aim of this paper was to contribute to the study of longhorn beetle fauna of the City of Kragujevac and the Šumadija Region (Central Serbia), which is one of the least studied areas of the Republic of Serbia in terms of biodiversity.Also, we wanted to give a chorotype analysis, which may give us a more complete overview of the city's fauna, but also the state of the habitats in the city.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The results presented in this paper represent data that are partially taken from several previously published works (ADAMOVIĆ, 1965; TREBJEŠANIN, 1990; ĐORĐEVIĆ, 2002; ILIĆ, 2005; VUKAJLOVIĆ and ŽIVANOVIĆ, 2014).Also, the new original data are given.
The adult longhorn beetles were collected from June 2010 to August 2014 at different localities of the City of Kragujevac (Fig. 2): Šumarice Memorial Park, Šumarice Lake surroundings, Košutnjak Forest, Uglješnica River surroundings, Grošnica Reservoir surrounddings, and the villages of Petrovac, Stragari and Opornica.One longhorn beetle specimen was collected in the Šumarice Memorial Park in June 1997 by Nataša Nešić (Kragujevac, Serbia).The beetles were collected in different habitats, mainly meadows, from ruderal vegetation, but also in oak and beech forests.
Different collecting techniques were used: pitfall trapping, hanging wine traps on branches of trees, sweeping vegetation with entomological net, hand collecting, etc.
We identified the sex of the each specimen and then labeled all the specimens.For identification of the specimens, we used different keys (MIKŠIĆ andGEORGIJEVIĆ, 1971, 1973;MIKŠIĆ and KORPIČ, 1985;BENSE, 1995).Taxonomic classification was performed as in DANILEVSKY (2015).For chorotype classification, we used the system proposed by ILIĆ (2005).The material is kept in the first author's collection at the Faculty of Science in Kragujevac.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on our research, as well as on the previous literature data (ADAMOVIĆ, 1965; TREBJEŠANIN, 1990; ĐORĐEVIĆ, 2002; ILIĆ, 2005; VUKAJLOVIĆ and ŽIVANOVIĆ, 2014), a total of 66 species and 13 subspecies of longhorn beetles from 40 genera, 21 tribes, and five subfamilies were recorded in the City of Kragujevac, which makes it approximatelly one quarter of all registered species in the Republic of Serbia.
The recorded longhorn beetles belong to a huge number of different chorotypes, what also gives us the overview of the changes of the habitats and climate in the City of Kragujevac and Central Serbia, from continental to sub-Mediterranean and subtropical.
The knowledge on the longhorn beetle fauna in the City of Kragujevac is far from being complete.The future researches are necessary to be performed in order to improve the current data on this faunistic group in the City of Kragujevac.

36. Phymatodes (Phymatodes) testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758), Kragujevac
ADAMOVIĆ, 1965; TREBJEŠANIN, 1990; ĐORĐEVIĆ, 2002; ILIĆ, 2005; VUKAJLOVIĆ and ŽIVANOVIĆ, 2014), we have identified 66 species and 13 subspecies (Tab. 1) classified into 40 genera, 21 tribes and five subfamilies in the City of Kragujevac.This number represents 25.57% of the species of longhorn beetles registered to date in Serbia (262) (ILIĆ and ĆURČIĆ, 2013; ILIĆ et al., 2013; STANČIĆ, 2013; VUKAJLOVIĆ and ŽIVANOVIĆ, 2014), which makes it around one quarter of all registered species in the country.In this particular research, which lasted from June 2010 to August 2014, a total of 199 adult longhorn beetle specimens were collected in the City of Kragujevac.The part of the results has already been published somewhat earlier (VUKAJLOVIĆ and ŽIVANOVIĆ, 2014), where 41 species were identified.The new data include 32 species.We are presenting a list of longhorn beetles of the City of Kragujevac, containing both our data and previous literature sources, including the findings and the chorotype identification.

Table 1 .
Total number of longhorn beetle taxa in the City of Kragujevac and numbers of the taxa within subfamilies.