100- AND 1000-DINAR BANKNOTES OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF THE KINGDOM OF SERBS, CROATS AND SLOVENES FROM 1920

Krajem 1920. godine Narodna banka Kraljevine SHS osim od 10 naručila je i izradu novčnica od 100 i 1000 dinara koje su izrađene u Banci Francuske. Novčanica od 100 dinara nosi datum 30. novembar 1920. Puštena je u opticaj 1. januara 1925, a iz opticaja je povlačena u Srbiji od 1. do 10. jula 1941. Drugi i treći tip ovih novčanica nose datum 1. decembar 1929. a puštene su u opticaj 21. januara 1931. godine i 1. novembra 1937. godine. Postoje dva tipa novčanica od 1000 dinara sa datumom 30. novembar 1920. Razlika među njima je u doštampanoj rozeti na novčanici tipa 2 zbog pojave falsifikata. Hiljadarka bez rozete puštena je u opticaj 11. aprila 1923. Zamena za novčanice sa rozetom izvršena je u periodu od 21. decembra 1931. do kraja februara 1932. Povlačenje hiljadarke sa rozetom trajalo je od 4. maja 1933. do 4. maja 1936. godine.


Dama sa hermelinom
This 100-dinar banknote was planned to initiate the withdrawal of: • The 100-dinar banknote of the Privileged National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1905, which was also printed in Banque de France up until the 100-dinar banknote from 1920 was released into circulation; • The 100-dinar-crown banknotes (400 crowns) from 1919, the withdrawal of which started in 1929 and ended on 22 May 1934. There is no reliable information about the amount of these banknotes printed. According to the data from the National Bank's Banknote Department as of 7 December 1928, 20 million banknotes were ordered in 1923, in the nominal value of 2 billion dinars, while 10 million and 30 million banknotes were ordered in 1927, in the total nominal value of 4 billion dinars. By the time the Banknote Department's information was released, 26,250,000 banknotes out of the ordered amount were either delivered or on their way to be. In Željko Stojanović's book The National Banks's Banknotes, it is estimated that there were 35 million ordered banknotes.
The 100-dinar banknote was withdrawn from circulation in the period from 1-10 July 1941. It is necessary to point out that there were three types of this denomination in the permanent first edition: • The size of the drawing on both the obverse and reverse of the banknote is 156x80 mm, the paper is white and the text is written in Cyrillic script on the obverse and in Latin script on the reverse. The obverse shows a drawing of a woman with a laurel wreath on her head, a blue robe lined with ermine and a sword in her hand. The left side of the banknote shows a drawing of Belgrade, with a bordered text stating "Counterfeiting banknotes is punishable by the regulations of the Criminal Code that defines those guilty of making counterfeit money". The obverse is printed in three colours, the bluish tones being dominant. The reverse contains the watermark and opposing it is a drawing of a young man in folk costume leaning on a stick, with the state coat of arms. In the middle is a drawing of three sailboats at sea. The reverse is multi-coloured, with dark, bluish and pink colours standing out. c c P ostoje dva tipa novčanica od 1000 dinara sa datumom 30. novembar 1920.
U Godišnjem izveštaju Narodne banke za 1921. daje se objašnjenje da se izradi ove novčanice od 1000 dinara pristupilo radi zamene dinarsko-krunske novčanice od 1000 dinara (4000 kruna The difference is in the subsequently added rosette, 75mm in diameter, on the type 2 banknote. Namely, due to the appearance of counterfeit type 1 banknotes, they were replaced with the same banknotes with the added rosette. The replacement took place after examining all type 1 banknotes and replacing all valid ones with the type 2 banknotes. The National Bank's Annual Report for 1921 explains that this 1000-dinar banknote was produced in order to replace the 1000-dinar-crown (4000 crown) banknote. As this 1000-dinar banknote was released into circulation in 1923, the 1000-dinar-crown banknotes were withdrawn from circulation in the period from 1929 to 1934.
Just like in the case of the 10-and 100-dinar banknotes, this banknote took a long time to prepare -from 1920 to 1923. In the period from 26 November 1921 until 15 November 1927, 10 million banknotes were ordered, while additional 2.5 million were ordered in 1930, 2,347,676 of which were delivered. The making of this type 1 banknote was conducted by Banque de France, in Paris, and it is assumed that the additional printing of the rosette on the type 2 banknote was done at the Institute for Manufacturing Banknotes and Coins of the National Bank of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, in Belgrade, in 1931.
The 1000-dinar banknote without the rosette was released into circulation as of 11 April 1923. Its partial withdrawal from circulation was achieved by exchanging it for the rosette (type 2) banknote in the period from 21 December 1931 until the end of February 1932. As of 1 March 1932, the type 1 banknote was no longer the legal tender, but the National Bank kept replacing them for type 2 banknotes. The withdrawal of the 1000-dinar rosette banknote started on 4 May 1933 and lasted until 4 May 1936.
The size of the drawing on the obverse and reverse is 182x108mm, and it is done in red, blue, yellow and brown colours. The watermark is on the right side of the obverse and the left side of the reverse, showing the profile of Karađorđe. The text on the obverse is in Cyrillic script, and in Latin script on the reverse.
The left side of the obverse shows Saint George on horseback, spearing a dragon. Next to the watermark is a drawing of the Gračanica monastery, located on Kosovo and Metohija. The right side shows a two-headed white eagle with a crown and shield showing the coat of arms of the Kingdom of SCS.
The reverse of the banknote shows the following drawings: a man ploughing with oxen, Sarajevo, Ljubljana, Zagreb and Belgrade. The type 2 banknote has a rosette, 75mm in diameter, on the reverse, with a 35mm wide strip extending above and below. The rosette has 5 concentric circles and the drawing of Karađorđe's head in the middle. The second circle, 34mm in diameter, features the words: The National Bank of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The rosette is printed in several horizontal colours: yellow, green, blue, purple and red, fading into each other. The banknotes were signed by the governor, Đorđe Vajfert, and the member of the Management Board, Marko Stojanović. The obverse was drawn by G. Fraipont and engraved by E. Deloche.
The reverse states the same author, but the engraver's name was omitted.

The Twins
T he obverse of the 100-dinar banknote dated 30 December 1920 is nearly identical to the obverse of the banknote dated 5 January 1905. They were both made by Banque de France. Georges Duval, a French painter, drew the lady with ermine and the Belgrade panorama seen from the Sava river on the 1905 banknote. Due to its beauty, this banknote is a favourite among numismatists worldwide. The new, fifteen years younger banknote features the same drawing of Belgrade and the woman with a robe lined in ermine, but the robe was enriched and fruit was added, while the image of a steamboat was modernised. The main difference on the obverse sides of these banknotes is in their watermarks -the older one showed the head of Mercury and the younger had the watermark depicting the head of Miloš Obrenović.

Counterfeits
A ccording to the National Bank's data published in the Annual Report of the Banknote Department on counterfeit banknotes from 1925 to 1940, there were 18 registered attempts at counterfeiting 1000-dinar banknotes. Among the most successful are: • The banknotes from 1931, from Split, the most of which were found in Vardar Banovina. Investigation showed that our emigration from Turkey slipped these banknotes into the country, and that they originated from Italy, near Trieste. • The banknotes from 1932 which were slipped into Slovenia, while the person who counterfeited them was from Suhi Dol. Aside from the counterfeit banknotes made near Trieste in 1931 and those made in Bielefeld, Germany, in 1920, all others were produced in the Kingdom of SCS. c c Literatura / References